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Bruehl Palace Warsaw

10/19/2016

The Brühl Palace (Polish: Pałac Brühla), otherwise known as Sandomierski Palace standing at Piłsudski Square. It was a large palace and one of the most beautiful rococo buildings in pre-World War II Warsaw. The palace was built between 1639-42 by Lorenzo de Sent for Crown Grand Chancellor Jerzy Ossoliński in Mannerist style. It was built on the plan of elongated rectangular with two hexagonal towers at garden side of the building. The palace was adorned with sculptures - allegory of Poland above the main portal, four figures of kings of Poland in the niches and a statue of Minerva crowning the roof. Possible inspiration to palace's upper parts pavilion with characteristic roof was Bonifaz Wohlmut's reconstruction of Belvedere in Prague, 1557-1563.

After the Chancellor's death the property was inherited by his daughter Helena Tekla Ossolińska, wife of Aleksander Michał Lubomirski, Starost of Sandomierz (from whom it takes its name). Later, between 1681–96, it was rebuilt and remodeled by Tylman Gamerski and Giovanni Bellotti for Prince Józef Karol Lubomirski - Aleksander Michał's son.

In 1750, Heinrich von Brühl bought the palace as a residence. Between 1754-59 it was rebuilt according to designs by Johann Friedrich Knöbel and Joachim Daniel von Jauch. The palace was enhanced and covered with a mansard roof. Two outbuildings were added to the palace complex surrounding a triangular courtyard that sometimes served as a parade ground. From that time the palace was known as the Brühl Palace.

On 27 May 1787, the Palace played a key role in a plot by Russian ambassador to Poland, Otto Magnus von Stackelberg. He derailed yet another Polish policy which seemed threatening to Russia. With few major wars in the past decades, the economy of the Commonwealth was improving, and its budget had a notable surplus. Many voices said that the money should be spent on increasing the size, and providing new equipment for, the Polish army. However, as a large Polish army could be a threat to the Russian garrisons controlling Poland, von Stackelberg ordered his proxies in the Permanent Council to spent the money on a different goal: for the huge sum of 1 million zloty's (representng most of the surplus), the Council bought the Brühl Palace - and promptly donated it to 'Poland's ally', Russia, to serve as Russia's new embassy. At the end of the eighteenth century, Dominik Merlini gave the interior a neoclassical look.

During 1932-37 the palace was adapted for use as the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the new Polish Republic. The architect this time was Adam Pniewski, who added a new modern building and modernized the interiors of all the buildings in the palace complex. It was deliberately and completely destroyed by the Germans on December 18, 1944 (during World War II). Warsaw’s municipal government authorities have recently decided to rebuild the Brühl Palace. The new building will have a facade referring to its historic shape, but a new private investor may adapt the interiors to the needs of either office space or a hotel. Recently the National Bank of Poland has shown considerable interest in using the reconstructed palace as its main base of operations in the capital, Warsaw.


The Copper-Roof Palace (Polish: Pałac pod Blachą) is an 18th-century palace in Warsaw, Poland. It takes its unusual name (which is less precisely phrased in the Polish original) from its copper roof — a rarity in the first half of the 18th century. The palace since 1989 is a branch of the Royal Castle Museum. The palace is contiguous with Warsaw's Royal Castle, and down a slope from the Castle Square and Old Town. Beneath the palace, a 17th-century lodge still exists.

Originally a patrician house of Wawrzyniec Reffus, built 1651-1656. After 1657 destruction by the army of George II Rákóczi, it was completely remodeled in 1698-1701 for Jerzy Dominik Lubomirski. Lubomirski expanded the palace by building a southern wing, perpendicular to the rest of structure, and also expanded the western elevation. Shortly after its construction the palace became known as Palais Martin, after Lubomirski's grandson. In 1720 the palace was rebuilt with an addition of a second northern wing. Additionally the interior was decorated with rococo paintings. After 1777 the palace passed into ownership of Poland's last king, Stanislaw August Poniatowski, who hired the architect Domenico Merlini to once again redesign the inside rooms of the palace and join the library wing of the Royal Castle to it. The king then made a present of the redecorated place to his nephew Prince Józef Poniatowski. The younger Poniatowski was a successful commander in the 1794 Kościuszko Uprising, and later one of Napoleon Bonaparte's marshals. Under his ownership the palace became a center of Warsaw's high class social scene. When Warsaw became part of Kingdom of Prussia after the Third Partition of Poland the buildings became the headquarters for the Prussian Ministry of War.

The Copper-Roof Palace was burned in 1944 and reconstructed, based on paintings of Bernardo Bellotto, between 1948-1949.


The Czapski Palace (Polish: Pałac Czapskich) is a substantial palace in the center of Warsaw, at 5 Krakowskie Przedmieście. It is considered one of the most distinguished examples of rococo architecture in Poland's capital. The building, just across the street from the University of Warsaw, has been home to some famous people, including artist Zygmunt Vogel, composer Frederic Chopin and poets Zygmunt Krasiński and Cyprian Norwid.

The palace now houses the Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts.

"Czapski Palace" is the name most frequently used for the edifice, but in reference to the palace's subsequent residents it is also called the Krasiński, Sieniawski or Raczyński Palace. The building was also once owned by the Radziwiłłs, Radziejowskis, Zamoyskis and Czartoryskis.

Now the home of the Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts, the Czapski Palace dates from the late 17th century. It was constructed in about 1686 to Tylman van Gameren's design for Michał Stefan Radziejowski, Archbishop of Gniezno and Cardinal Primate. Between 1712 and 1721 it was reconstructed by Agostino Locci and Kacper Bażanka (alcoves and breaks were added) for the next owner, Great Crown Hetman Adam Mikołaj Sieniawski. Its present rococo character dates from 1752–65, when the palace belonged to the Czapski family. At that time, the Krakowskie Przedmieście entrance was decorated with eagles and allegorical figures of the Four Seasons.

The Czapski Palace changed owners at least ten times. It was the residence of Stanisław Małachowski, Marshal of the Sejm, who in 1791 co-authored the world's second, and Europe's first, codified written national constitution—the Constitution of May 3, 1791. Małachowski and his wife Konstancja, née Czapska, in the mid-eighteenth century remodeled the palace into a French-style city palace. Added around the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were two classicist annexes designed by Jan Chrystian Kamsetzer. Another famous resident of the palace (1808–26) was Zygmunt Vogel, an artist who specialized in watercolor and drawing and was a professor in the University of Warsaw Department of Fine Arts. In the first half of the nineteenth century, the palace was acquired by Wincenty Krasiński. Zygmunt Krasiński, the Polish romantic poet, was born here in 1812. In 1826 Fryderyk Chopin lived here with his family in the building's annex. The building was the last home of Chopin before he went into exile. In 1837–39 it would be home to poet Cyprian Norwid, author of Chopin's Piano about Russians' 1863 defenestration of the instrument. In 1851–1852 the palace was rebuilt by Enrico Marconi. During the period from 1909 to the outbreak of World War Two the building belonged to Edward Raczyński, President of the Republic of Poland in Exile during the years 1979-1986. Burned down in 1939 after being shelled by German artillery (priceless paintings and books were feared destroyed by a fire), it was reconstructed between 1948-1959 according to Stanisław Brukalski design. After the restoration the Palace was incorporated into the Academy of Fine Arts (ASP).

In the courtyard, in front of the Palace, there is a copy of the Andrea del Verrocchio work, the statue of the Venetian condottiere Bartolomeo Colleoni. The second floor drawing room - Chopin Family's Salon, featuring the period furniture and the composer's memorabilia, has been renovated. The interior and decor of the Salon from the first half of the nineteenth century were reconstructed from sketches made by Antoni Kolberg in 1832. Nowadays, the Salon is open to the public. The Academy of Fine Arts museum that opened in 1985 holds 30,000 works from all fields of arts-painting, sculpture, graphics, drawing, poster, architecture, artistic crafts, industrial design and documentation. The museum is located in the palace's attic. The collections are held on 200 square meters of storage rooms, while the exhibition rooms hold temporary displays, meetings and lectures.