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Lazienki Palace

10/05/2016

The Palace on the Water is a must for both art-lovers and history buffs. Originally a bathhouse for powerful aristocrat Stanislas Lubormirski, it was completely remodelled by Poland's Last King, Stanislas August Poniatowski (r.1764-95) who made it his Summer Residence. The palace is surrounded by some delightful parks, which are dotted here and there with follies and curios. Don't miss the little White House, once the home of the King's lover, and later that of the exiled Comte de Provence, future King Louis XVIII. Stanislas August was a great patron of the arts, and this is reflected in the sumptuous interiors of the main palace. A good deal of the monarch's original collection has survived, and the building itself came through the war in better shape than most, despite considerable damage. A restrained yet exquisite royal residence, this is one of the most beautiful buildings of its kind in Central Europe.

A complex of several neoclassic buildings dated mostly the second half of the XVIII century standing in the old park in the very centre of Warsaw. Very old trees, several lakes and canals, several monuments and sculptures standing in the park. Most important buildings: Palace on Water, Hunters Lodge, New and Old Orangerie, ancient Greek style Theatre on the Island. All that has been built by Charles Louis Agricola for the King Stanislaw August Poniatowski.


The name Łazienki takes its roots from the word Bath, as before King purchased this park from the magnate Stanislaw Heraclius Lubomirski it had been a park and a bath in a small building constructed by Tylman van Gammeren. Today a Museum and most beautiful park in Warsaw.

The building began as a bathhouse for Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski, owner of adjacent Ujazdów Castle. After 1678 the Lubomirski palace complex in Ujazdów, was enriched with four park pavilions: Arcadia, Hermitage, Frascati and the largest of them the Bathhouse. The marble building was constructed before 1683 according to design by Tylman Gamerski. Finished in 1689, it was intended to serve as a bathhouse, habitable pavilion and a garden grotto. Interiors of the newly built structure were embellished with profuse stucco decorations, also designed by Gamerski. Among the decorations were water deities (like Nereus), surrounding the main decorational feature of the pavilion - the fountain. Other chambers had richly decorated plafonds and supraportes, while the walls were covered with Delft tiles. The façades and interiors were decorated with sculptures, reliefs, Latin inscriptions (Musa Dryas, Nymphaeque boves et Pastor Apollo / Hic maneant, fugiat diva Minerva domus - Muse, dryad and nymphs, bullocks and Apollo the shepherd let stay here, the divine Minerva let disdain this house on the portal of the southern façade) and Lubomirski coat of arms - Szreniawa.

Stanisław August Poniatowski decided to convert it into private quarters, and it was remodeled by Domenico Merlini between 1764 to 1795. During World War II, the Germans drilled holes into the walls for explosives but never got around to blowing up the palace. Afterwards the palace served as a barracks.


The palace is built on an artificial island that divides the lake into two parts, a smaller northern lake and a larger southern one. The palace is connected to the surrounding park by two Ionic colonnaded bridges. The façades are unified by an entablature carried by giant Corinthian pilasters that link its two floors and are crowned by a balustrade that bears statues of mythologic figures. The north façade is relieved by a central pedimented portico. On the south front, a deep central recess lies behind a screen of Corinthian columns.


On the ground floor of the palace is the Bacchus Room decorated with 17th century Dutch blue tiles and a paintind from Jacob Jordaens' workshop depicting Silenus and Bacchantes. The 1778 ceiling painting, Bacchus, Ceres, Venus and Cupid by Jan Bogumil Plersch was destroyed by the Germans in 1944. The Rotunda designed by Domenico Merlini, occupy the central portion of the palace. Decorated in yellow and white marble, with the figures of the Polish kings, it is one of the most important examples of neoclassical decoration within the palace. It leads to the Bath Room, dominated by the stucco ornaments from the Baroque era and the sumptuous stucco ceiling, together with other exclusive interior details, including walls covered with 17th century Dutch blue tiles and Chinese vases. The Ballroom designed by Johann Christian Kammsetzer was intended for more important receptions such as balls, formal dinners, and masquerades. On the other side of the Rotunda is the lower Gallery of Paintings, which contains minor works by Rubens and Rembrandt, and the chapel. Other interiors include the Portrait Cabinet and the Salomon Room (before 1944 its decorations included several paintings by Marcello Bacciarelli, which were burned by the Germans). Also on the ground floor is the Dining Room in which the famous "Thursday Dinners" took place, to which king Stanislaw August Poniatowski invited important Freemasons and other notable members from the era of Enlightenment in Poland. Its furniture and paintings belong to the Classicist style. On the first floor are the royal apartments, the upper picture gallery, the balcony room, the king's cabinet, the royal bed chambers, the cloakroom, and the officer's room.


The Solomon Room, one of the largest of the palace's ground-floor interiors, was embellished with a series of paintings depicting the "History of Solomon." It comprised six paintings: The Dream of Solomon (plafond), The Queen of Sheba before Solomon, The Judgment of Solomon, Consultation with King Hiram (friezes), Dedication of the Temple and Solomon's Sacrifice (walls). They were executed for King Stanisław Augustus in 1791–93 by Marcello Bacciarelli and depicted the monarch himself as the biblical king. All these paintings were deliberately and completely destroyed by the Germans in 1944 (burned in a fire before the palace) during the preparations to blow up the building. On the first floor are the royal apartments, the upper picture gallery, the balcony room, the king's cabinet, the royal bed chambers, the cloakroom, and the officer's room.


Chamber music hits performed in the beautiful setting of Royal Baths.